This briefing paper presents and discusses the evidence regarding the role and potential of public transport and transport strategies in improving health, reducing health inequalities and improving sustainability.

The paper explores the question ‘Why is transport important for public health?’ and summarises the evidence as to the impacts on individuals, communities and populations. It considers the evidence as to how transport can improve health and the importance of physical activity for health, walking and cycling as modes of transport and daily travel to work and school. The paper further considers how transport can reduce health inequalities and improve social inclusion and finally considers how transport can improve sustainability at both local and global levels by further emphasising the potential of walking, cycling and public transport.