Concept explainer: Prevention

Our Concept Explainer series explores ‘Prevention’ through a public health lens, recognising that health is influenced not only by healthcare services, but also by the wider social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect people's health and wellbeing.

It explores the three levels of prevention:

• Primary prevention focuses on population-level action to build resilience and prevent risks from developing into problems by addressing their underlying causes. Examples include tobacco control and smoke-free environments, vaccination programmes, and initiatives that promote healthy eating.
• Secondary prevention focuses on identifying risks or early signs of a problem and taking early action to prevent it from developing or worsening. Examples include cancer screening programmes, health checks, and mental health support.
• Tertiary prevention focuses on supporting people with existing conditions to reduce complications, maintain wellbeing, and improve quality of life. Examples include rehabilitation services, structured diabetes management, and ongoing support for people living with long-term conditions.

Useful link: Defining Prevention - gov.scot